Cardinals created by John XXIII
id:
cardinals-created-by-john-xxiii-198-5300504
title:
Cardinals created by John XXIII
text:
Pope John XXIII (r. 1958–1963) created 52 cardinals in five consistories. Beginning at his first consistory, he expanded the size of the College beyond the limit of seventy established in 1586 and on several occasions announced that further increases should be expected. It rose to 88 in January 1961. He named three additional cardinals in pectore, that is, secretly, but did not reveal their names before his death. In 1962 he initiated the rule that all cardinals should be bishops. He consecrated
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wiki
category slug:
encyclopedia
description:
original url:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_John_XXIII
date created:
date modified:
2023-08-28T23:39:17Z
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image:
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fields total:
13
integrity:
14